前言
ChemOffice是一个广泛使用的化学绘图和分子建模软件套件，包含ChemDraw和Chem3D等组件。然而，ChemOffice官方并不提供Linux版本，这使得Linux用户在使用这些工具时面临挑战。幸运的是，Wine可以帮助我们在Linux上运行ChemOffice组件，且效果优良，不仅可以使用ChemDraw进行化学结构绘制，还可以使用Chem3D进行分子建模、MM2力场优化与动态模拟计算等复杂功能。
Linux环境准备
首先确保系统已安装Wine和Winetricks，此外，还需要安装解压所需的7zip，以Arch Linux为例：
sudo pacman -S --needed wine winetricks 7zip
笔者测试的Wine版本为10.9和10.11，Arch Linux的extra/wine包已经切换到WoW64模式，不再依赖任何32位库，但截至目前（2025.06.29），。目前（2026.01.14），Arch Linux的winetricks仍然在multilib仓库中（虽然它并不是32位程序，也并不依赖32位库），因此需要启用multilib仓库winetricks已经移动到了extra仓库中，不再需要启用multilib仓库。
在Wine中安装ChemOffice
下载ChemOffice安装包
从ChemOffice官方网站或其他可信来源下载ChemOffice安装包。北京大学的同学可以从北京大学正版软件平台下载ChemDraw22.0 for Windows，对应的文件名应该是cos22.2.0.exe。
然而，这一安装程序实际上并不能直接在Wine中成功运行，我们需要使用别的方法来安装ChemOffice。
解压ChemOffice安装包
由于ChemOffice的安装程序无法直接在Wine中运行，我们需要先解压安装包。可以使用7zip来解压：
7z x cos22.2.0.exe -oChemOffice
这将会在当前目录下创建一个名为ChemOffice的目录，里面包含了ChemOffice的安装文件。观察解压后的目录结构：
ChemOffice/
├── _images
│ └── progress.gif
├── Install.exe
├── Install.ini
├── MSCOMCTL.OCX
├── PerkinElmer
│ ├── Activation
│ │ ├── Activate.exe
│ │ ├── activationhelp.html
│ │ ├── concrt140.dll
│ │ ├── FlxComm.dll
│ │ ├── FlxCore.dll
│ │ ├── FNEactivationhelp.html
│ │ ├── msvcp140_1.dll
│ │ ├── msvcp140_2.dll
│ │ ├── msvcp140_atomic_wait.dll
│ │ ├── msvcp140_codecvt_ids.dll
│ │ ├── msvcp140.dll
│ │ ├── registerproductemail.html
│ │ ├── registerproductfax.html
│ │ ├── registerproduct.html
│ │ ├── vccorlib140.dll
│ │ └── vcruntime140.dll
│ ├── ChemOffice
│ │ ├── PerkinElmer_ChemOffice_Suite_22.2.0.msi
│ │ └── PerkinElmer_ChemOffice_Suite_22.2.0_x64.msi
│ └── ChemOfficePlus
│ └── ChemOfficePlus.exe
├── QProGIF.ocx
├── RICHTX32.OCX
└── ThirdParty
├── Microsoft
│ └── VCRedist
│ ├── vcredist_x64.exe
│ └── vcredist_x86.exe
├── NETInstaller
│ └── ndp48-x86-x64-allos-enu.exe
├── Python
│ ├── python-3.9.10-amd64.exe
│ └── python-3.9.10.exe
└── PythonExt
├── pywin32-303.win32-py3.9.exe
└── pywin32-303.win-amd64-py3.9.exe
12 directories, 32 files
PerkinElmer_ChemOffice_Suite_22.2.0.msi和PerkinElmer_ChemOffice_Suite_22.2.0_x64.msi分别是ChemOffice的32位和64位安装包。由于Windows本身并没有Linux这样的软件包依赖管理系统，因此ChemOffice在自己的安装程序中集成了了所需的第三方组件和库，包括VC++运行时、.NET运行时等。
安装
由于官方的安装程序无法运行，我们需要手动安装这些依赖组件。我们可以选择使用winetricks一键安装，也可以手动从解压后的目录中安装。笔者在这里推荐使用winetricks来安装这些组件，因为它更加方便，能够避免手动安装的繁琐。运行命令：
winetricks vcrun2013 dotnet48 mfc140
其中前两个依赖是通用所需，mfc140是Chem3D所需的MFC库。运行之后，程序会弹出不同GUI安装程序的窗口，按照提示完成安装即可。1注意这里的dotnet48不可以用wine-mono替代。
随后，再运行ChemOffice的安装程序：
wine ChemOffice/PerkinElmer/ChemOffice/PerkinElmer_ChemOffice_Suite_22.2.0_x64.msi
如果你需要安装32位版本，可以运行：
wine ChemOffice/PerkinElmer/ChemOffice/PerkinElmer_ChemOffice_Suite_22.2.0.msi
一般按照默认的安装选项即可。安装完成后，ChemOffice的组件将被安装到Wine的虚拟C盘中，通常位于~/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/PerkinElmer（64位）或~/.wine/drive_c/Program Files (x86)/PerkinElmer（32位）。程序也会创建Linux的.desktop快捷方式，方便在应用菜单中找到。
使用ChemOffice
首次使用时会弹出激活窗口，北京大学的同学可以使用学校提供的激活码进行激活。其他用户可以选择试用或联系PerkinElmer获取激活码。
激活完成后，你就可以在Linux上无缝使用ChemOffice的各个组件了。ChemDraw可以用于化学结构绘制，Chem3D可以用于分子建模和计算等。经过笔者的测试，无论是ChemDraw的结构绘制，还是Chem3D的分子建模、MM2力场优化与动态模拟计算等功能，都能在Wine中流畅运行，且效果良好。
笔者还在目前较新的Wine WoW64及实验性支持的原生Wayland下测试了ChemDraw和Chem3D，均能正常运行，且效果良好。
 |
|---|
| ChemDraw运行效果展示（原生Wayland） |
 |
| Chem3D运行效果展示（原生Wayland） |
 |
| Chem3D运行效果展示（原生Wayland） |
已知问题
ChemDraw的Templates（模板）功能在Wine中无法使用，点击后程序会崩溃退出。其他功能未发现明显问题。
如果在ChemDraw中点击Main Toolbar中的Templates按钮，会因形如这样的错误而崩溃退出：
Unhandled exception: page fault on read access to 0x0000000000000038 in 64-bit code (0x000001804fba91).
Register dump:
rip:00000001804fba91 rsp:000000000051ef10 rbp:000000000051f010 eflags:00010206 ( R- -- I - -P- )
rax:0000000000000037 rbx:000000000000ffce rcx:0000000000000000 rdx:0000000000000000
rsi:0000000022d05200 rdi:0000000022d05540 r8:0000000000000000 r9:0000000000000000 r10:0000000000000000
r11:0000000000000202 r12:00000000225b97f0 r13:0000000000000443 r14:0000000022d05200 r15:000000002263b5d0
Stack dump:
0x0000000051ef10: 0000000022d05540 000000000051f010
0x0000000051ef20: 0000000022d05200 0000000000000001
0x0000000051ef30: 0000000000370037 0000000000000000
0x0000000051ef40: 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
0x0000000051ef50: 0000000000000000 0000014a000001b8
0x0000000051ef60: 0000000180875bf8 01dc852ba28008a0
0x0000000051ef70: 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
0x0000000051ef80: 0000000180866628 0000000000000000
0x0000000051ef90: 0000000000000000 0000100000000012
0x0000000051efa0: 000b1f7200000012 0000000000000000
0x0000000051efb0: 0000000000000000 000000002313f390
0x0000000051efc0: 00000000225b97f0 0000000000000014
Backtrace:
=>0 0x000001804fba91 in chemdrawbase (+0x4fba91) (0x0000000051f010)
1 0x0000018047c62c in chemdrawbase (+0x47c62c) (0x0000000051f1d9)
2 0x0000018061113e in chemdrawbase (+0x61113e) (0x0000000051f1d9)
3 0x0000018042afaa in chemdrawbase (+0x42afaa) (0x0000000051f340)
4 0x0000018051d787 in chemdrawbase (+0x51d787) (0x000000231022d0)
5 0x00000180520e6c in chemdrawbase (+0x520e6c) (0x00000000010284)
6 0x006ffffdaabd7e in user32 (+0x5bd7e) (0x00000000000201)
7 0x006ffffdab1ca4 in user32 (+0x61ca4) (0x0000000051fa90)
8 0x006ffffdab1ac1 in user32 (+0x61ac1) (0x0000000051fa90)
9 0x006ffffda6ef8c in user32 (+0x1ef8c) (0x0000000051fa90)
10 0x000001806240d6 in chemdrawbase (+0x6240d6) (0x0000000051fa90)
11 0x006ffff7d20922 in chemdrawui (+0x220922) (0x0000000051fa90)
12 0x006ffff7d1d96f in chemdrawui (+0x21d96f) (0000000000000000)
13 0x00000140008041 in chemdraw (+0x8041) (0000000000000000)
14 0x000001400098a2 in chemdraw (+0x98a2) (0000000000000000)
15 0x006fffffa11469 in kernel32 (+0x11469) (0000000000000000)
16 0x006fffffbf0d2b in ntdll (+0x10d2b) (0000000000000000)
0x000001804fba91 chemdrawbase+0x4fba91: movl 0x38(%rcx), %eax
Modules:
Module Address Debug info Name (149 modules, 1 for wow64 not listed)
PE 100000000- 100fde000 Deferred chemdrawbase
PE 140000000- 140436000 --none-- chemdraw
PE 180000000- 180fde000 --none-- chemdrawbase
PE 644406e0000- 64440813000 Deferred system.configuration.ni
PE 64443400000- 64443e75000 Deferred system.core.ni
PE 644442c0000- 64444b6b000 Deferred system.xml.ni
PE 64474a80000- 644756f0000 Deferred system.ni
PE 64475d40000- 64475f34000 Deferred system.drawing.ni
PE 644760a0000- 64477145000 Deferred system.windows.forms.ni
PE 64478000000- 644795e5000 Deferred mscorlib.ni
PE-Wine 6ffff5270000- 6ffff530f000 Deferred mlang
PE 6ffff5320000- 6ffff58ec000 Deferred mfc140
PE-Wine 6ffff5900000- 6ffff5937000 Deferred compstui
PE-Wine 6ffff5950000- 6ffff5a1c000 Deferred winspool
PE-Wine 6ffff5a30000- 6ffff5a4b000 Deferred atlthunk
PE-Wine 6ffff5a60000- 6ffff5a86000 Deferred schannel
PE-Wine 6ffff5aa0000- 6ffff5ac1000 Deferred netutils
PE-Wine 6ffff5ae0000- 6ffff5b81000 Deferred netapi32
PE-Wine 6ffff5ba0000- 6ffff5bf1000 Deferred msv1_0
PE-Wine 6ffff5c10000- 6ffff5c47000 Deferred kerberos
PE-Wine 6ffff5c60000- 6ffff5d1c000 Deferred secur32
PE-Wine 6ffff5d30000- 6ffff5d82000 Deferred cryptnet
PE-Wine 6ffff5da0000- 6ffff5f09000 Deferred rsaenh
PE-Wine 6ffff5f20000- 6ffff5f67000 Deferred imagehlp
PE-Wine 6ffff5f80000- 6ffff5f93000 Deferred psapi
PE-Wine 6ffff5fb0000- 6ffff6382000 Deferred crypt32
PE-Wine 6ffff63a0000- 6ffff646d000 Deferred wintrust
PE 6ffff6480000- 6ffff6ea2000 Deferred flxcore64
PE 6ffff6ec0000- 6ffff700e000 Deferred clrjit
PE 6ffff7020000- 6ffff7ae7000 Deferred clr
PE 6ffff7b00000- 6ffff7f77000 --none-- chemdrawui
PE-Wine 6ffff7f90000- 6ffff878b000 Deferred windowscodecs
PE-Wine 6ffff87a0000- 6ffff8a8a000 Deferred gdiplus
PE-Wine 6ffff8aa0000- 6ffff9052000 Deferred comctl32
PE-Wine 6ffff9070000- 6ffff9455000 Deferred msvcp140
PE 6ffff9470000- 6ffffa1f1000 Deferred pkicorechemistry
PE-Wine 6ffffa210000- 6ffffa231000 Deferred winewayland
PE-Wine 6ffffa270000- 6ffffa315000 Deferred concrt140
PE-Wine 6ffffa330000- 6ffffa39b000 Deferred oledlg
PE-Wine 6ffffa3b0000- 6ffffa3ec000 Deferred vcruntime140_1
PE-Wine 6ffffa400000- 6ffffa41c000 Deferred vcruntime140
PE-Wine 6ffffa650000- 6ffffa677000 Deferred nsi
PE-Wine 6ffffa690000- 6ffffa6e2000 Deferred dnsapi
PE-Wine 6ffffa700000- 6ffffa7a7000 Deferred iphlpapi
PE-Wine 6ffffa840000- 6ffffa910000 Deferred actxprxy
PE-Wine 6ffffa920000- 6ffffa9f1000 Deferred uxtheme
PE-Wine 6ffffad30000- 6ffffad53000 Deferred version
PE 6ffffad70000- 6ffffad86000 Deferred boost_thread-vc142-mt-x64-1_75
PE 6ffffada0000- 6ffffae49000 Deferred mscoreei
PE-Wine 6ffffb220000- 6ffffb2aa000 Deferred bcrypt
PE-Wine 6ffffb3d0000- 6ffffb455000 Deferred imm32
PE 6ffffb470000- 6ffffb4df000 Deferred mscoree
PE 6ffffb4f0000- 6ffffb5ad000 Deferred ucrtbase_clr0400
PE 6ffffb5c0000- 6ffffb5d6000 Deferred vcruntime140_clr0400
PE-Wine 6ffffb6a0000- 6ffffb73c000 Deferred propsys
PE-Wine 6ffffb8b0000- 6ffffbc2f000 Deferred oleaut32
PE-Wine 6ffffbc60000- 6ffffbc84000 Deferred dhcpcsvc
PE-Wine 6ffffbca0000- 6ffffbcba000 Deferred msimg32
PE 6ffffbcd0000- 6ffffbea4000 Deferred lib3mf
PE 6ffffbec0000- 6ffffbefc000 Deferred pki3dformats
PE-Wine 6ffffbf10000- 6ffffbf7a000 Deferred mpr
PE-Wine 6ffffbf90000- 6ffffc1cb000 Deferred wininet
PE-Wine 6ffffc1e0000- 6ffffc434000 Deferred comdlg32
PE-Wine 6ffffc450000- 6ffffc4a5000 Deferred shcore
PE-Wine 6ffffc4c0000- 6ffffc5e1000 Deferred shlwapi
PE-Wine 6ffffc600000- 6ffffd3d8000 Deferred shell32
PE-Wine 6ffffd3f0000- 6ffffd44d000 Deferred coml2
PE-Wine 6ffffd4b0000- 6ffffd4fe000 Deferred win32u
PE-Wine 6ffffd740000- 6ffffd768000 Deferred cryptbase
PE-Wine 6ffffd780000- 6ffffda34000 Deferred rpcrt4
PE-Wine 6ffffda50000- 6ffffe05b000 COFF user32
PE-Wine 6ffffe070000- 6ffffe31d000 Deferred gdi32
PE-Wine 6ffffe330000- 6ffffe4e0000 Deferred combase
PE-Wine 6ffffe4f0000- 6ffffe8d6000 Deferred ole32
PE-Wine 6ffffe8f0000- 6ffffe9a4000 Deferred ws2_32
PE-Wine 6ffffe9c0000- 6ffffedf8000 Deferred ucrtbase
PE-Wine 6ffffee10000- 6ffffee9f000 Deferred sechost
PE-Wine 6ffffeeb0000- 6fffff248000 Deferred msvcrt
PE-Wine 6fffff260000- 6fffff382000 Deferred advapi32
PE-Wine 6fffff3a0000- 6fffff9e2000 Deferred kernelbase
PE-Wine 6fffffa00000- 6fffffbcd000 COFF kernel32
PE-Wine 6fffffbe0000- 6ffffffe5000 COFF ntdll
ELF 7f72fe026000- 7f72fe14d000 Deferred libsystemd.so.0
ELF 7f72fe14d000- 7f72fe1a0000 Deferred libdbus-1.so.3
ELF 7f72fe1a0000- 7f72fe231000 Deferred libcups.so.2
ELF 7f72ff4ba000- 7f72ff50d000 Deferred libgssapi_krb5.so.2
ELF 7f72ff50d000- 7f72ff53a000 Deferred libk5crypto.so.3
ELF 7f72ff53a000- 7f72ff600000 Deferred libkrb5.so.3
ELF 7f72ff600000- 7f7301595000 Deferred libicudata.so.78
ELF 7f730159b000- 7f73015cb000 Deferred libnss_myhostname.so.2
ELF 7f73015cb000- 7f7301600000 Deferred libnss_resolve.so.2
ELF 7f7301600000- 7f730180e000 Deferred libicuuc.so.78
ELF 7f7301812000- 7f7301825000 Deferred libavahi-client.so.3
ELF 7f7301825000- 7f730182c000 Deferred libkeyutils.so.1
ELF 7f730182c000- 7f7301889000 Deferred libnss_mymachines.so.2
ELF 7f7301896000- 7f73018a5000 Deferred libavahi-common.so.3
ELF 7f73018a5000- 7f73018ab000 Deferred winspool.so
ELF 7f73018ab000- 7f73018b0000 Deferred msv1_0.so
ELF 7f73018b0000- 7f73018b7000 Deferred netapi32.so
ELF 7f73019b7000- 7f7301aec000 Deferred libxml2.so.16
ELF 7f7301aec000- 7f7301b49000 Deferred libxkbcommon.so.0
ELF 7f7301b4a000- 7f7301b58000 Deferred libkrb5support.so.0
ELF 7f7301b58000- 7f7301b5e000 Deferred libcom_err.so.2
ELF 7f7301b5e000- 7f7301b67000 Deferred kerberos.so
ELF 7f7301b67000- 7f7301b71000 Deferred secur32.so
ELF 7f7301b71000- 7f7301b77000 Deferred crypt32.so
ELF 7f7301b77000- 7f7301c1d000 Deferred libgmp.so.10
ELF 7f7301c1d000- 7f7301e00000 Deferred libunistring.so.5
ELF 7f7301e00000- 7f730204c000 Deferred libleancrypto.so.1
ELF 7f7302074000- 7f730209a000 Deferred winewayland.so
ELF 7f730209a000- 7f7302200000 Deferred libp11-kit.so.0
ELF 7f7302200000- 7f730240c000 Deferred libgnutls.so.30
ELF 7f730241f000- 7f730242a000 Deferred libxkbregistry.so.0
ELF 7f730242a000- 7f7302436000 Deferred libffi.so.8
ELF 7f7302436000- 7f7302490000 Deferred libnettle.so.8
ELF 7f7302490000- 7f73024db000 Deferred libhogweed.so.6
ELF 7f73024db000- 7f73024f1000 Deferred libtasn1.so.6
ELF 7f73024f1000- 7f7302513000 Deferred libidn2.so.0
ELF 7f7302513000- 7f7302518000 Deferred libwayland-egl.so.1
ELF 7f7302518000- 7f7302528000 Deferred libwayland-client.so.0
ELF 7f7302528000- 7f730253b000 Deferred libresolv.so.2
ELF 7f730253b000- 7f7302541000 Deferred ws2_32.so
ELF 7f7302541000- 7f730254e000 Deferred bcrypt.so
ELF 7f73026ab000- 7f73026d6000 Deferred libexpat.so.1
ELF 7f73026d6000- 7f7302727000 Deferred libfontconfig.so.1
ELF 7f7302727000- 7f73027d5000 Deferred libpcre2-8.so.0
ELF 7f73027d5000- 7f73027f8000 Deferred libgraphite2.so.3
ELF 7f73027f8000- 7f7302950000 Deferred libglib-2.0.so.0
ELF 7f7302950000- 7f7302a85000 Deferred libharfbuzz.so.0
ELF 7f7302a85000- 7f7302aa8000 Deferred libbrotlicommon.so.1
ELF 7f7302aa8000- 7f7302ab7000 Deferred libbrotlidec.so.1
ELF 7f7302ab7000- 7f7302af2000 Deferred libpng16.so.16
ELF 7f7302af2000- 7f7302c00000 Deferred libm.so.6
ELF 7f7302c00000- 7f7302e1d000 Deferred win32u.so
ELF 7f7302e1d000- 7f7302e30000 Deferred libbz2.so.1.0
ELF 7f7302e30000- 7f7302f00000 Deferred libfreetype.so.6
ELF 7f73037f5000- 7f730380e000 Deferred libz.so.1
ELF 7f730380e000- 7f730383b000 Deferred libgcc_s.so.1
ELF 7f730393b000- 7f7303a00000 Export ntdll.so
ELF 7f7303a00000- 7f7303c12000 Deferred libc.so.6
ELF 7f7303c12000- 7f7303c17000 Deferred dnsapi.so
ELF 7f7303c1d000- 7f7303c52000 Deferred liblzma.so.5
ELF 7f7303c52000- 7f7303c6d000 Deferred libunwind.so.8
ELF 7f7303ca0000- 7f7303cdd000 Deferred ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
ELF 7f7303cdd000- 7f7303ce2000 Deferred <wine-loader>
PE 7ffffe300000- 7ffffe37a000 Deferred chemdrawmanaged
PE 7ffffe600000- 7ffffe67a000 Deferred chemdrawmanaged
PE 7ffffeb80000- 7ffffed4e000 Deferred online
PE 7fffff020000- 7fffff1ee000 Deferred online
Threads:
process tid prio name (all IDs are in hex)
00000020 (D) C:\Program Files\PerkinElmerInformatics\ChemOffice\ChemDraw\ChemDraw.exe
00000024 0 <==
0000017c 0
00000180 0
00000184 0
00000188 2
000001b0 0 wine_rpcrt4_server
000001c0 0
000001c8 0 wine_wininet_collect_connections
000001e4 0
00000038 services.exe
0000003c 0
00000040 0 wine_rpcrt4_server
0000004c 0 wine_rpcrt4_io
00000070 0 wine_rpcrt4_io
0000008c 0 wine_rpcrt4_io
000000b4 0 wine_rpcrt4_io
000000e0 0 wine_rpcrt4_io
000000f0 0 wine_rpcrt4_io
00000114 0 wine_rpcrt4_io
00000148 0
00000154 0 wine_rpcrt4_io
000001ac 0 wine_rpcrt4_io
00000044 winedevice.exe
00000048 0
00000054 0
00000058 0 wine_sechost_service
0000005c 0
00000060 0
00000064 0
00000108 0 wine_nsi_notification
00000068 svchost.exe
0000006c 0
00000074 0
00000078 0 wine_sechost_service
0000007c mscorsvw.exe
00000080 0
00000090 0
00000094 0 wine_sechost_service
00000098 0
00000084 explorer.exe
00000088 0
000000a4 0
000000a8 0
000000d8 0 wine_explorer_display_settings_restorer
000000dc 0 wine_rpcrt4_server
0000009c plugplay.exe
000000a0 0
000000b8 0
000000bc 0 wine_sechost_service
000000c0 0 wine_rpcrt4_server
00000130 0 wine_rpcrt4_io
000000c4 mscorsvw.exe
000000c8 0
000000f8 0
000000fc 0 wine_sechost_service
00000100 0
0000010c winedevice.exe
00000110 0
00000118 0
0000011c 0 wine_sechost_service
00000120 0
00000124 0
00000128 0
0000012c 0
00000138 0
00000140 0
0000014c rpcss.exe
00000150 0
00000158 0
0000015c 0 wine_sechost_service
00000160 0 wine_rpcrt4_server
00000164 0 wine_rpcrt4_server
00000168 0 wine_rpcrt4_io
000001b4 0 wine_rpcrt4_io
000001b8 0 wine_rpcrt4_io
000001d4 conhost.exe
000001d8 0
000001dc 0
000001e0 0
System information:
Wine build: wine-11.0
Platform: x86_64 (guest: i386)
Version: Windows 10
Host system: Linux
Host version: 6.18.5-zen1-1-zen
