配置Wine的标准UI字体：注册表方案与升级后的持久性

前言

之前的 FontSubstitutes 方案和 FontLink 方案分别介绍了虚拟 UI 字体和中文回退链的配置。本文继续沿用这套思路，以 Microsoft YaHei UI 为例设置标准 UI 字体。示例中的字体名称和字体文件都可以替换，明确请求 SimSun 的程序仍使用真实宋体。

可以按程序使用的字体路径选择配置：

配置位置	适用场景
`FontSubstitutes`	`winecfg` 和使用 `MS Shell Dlg` 的对话框
`WindowMetrics`	标题栏、菜单、消息框、状态栏和 GTK 默认 UI
`FontLink\SystemLink`	直接请求 `Tahoma` 等字体时的中文回退

三项配置可以单独使用，也可以组合使用。

确认目标字体可用

以微软雅黑为例，字体文件通常位于：

/usr/share/fonts/TTF/msyh.ttc
/usr/share/fonts/TTF/msyhbd.ttc

Wine 的用户字体目录为：

C:\users\<用户名>\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Fonts

需要安装时，将字体文件放入该目录即可。

FontSubstitutes：设置对话框字体

winecfg 的资源文件使用 FONT 8, "MS Shell Dlg"，可以直接将两个虚拟 UI 字体设为目标字体。

保存为 wine-ui-font-fontsubstitutes.reg：

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontSubstitutes]
"MS Shell Dlg"="Microsoft YaHei UI"
"MS Shell Dlg 2"="Microsoft YaHei UI"

导入：

wine reg import wine-ui-font-fontsubstitutes.reg

恢复为默认值：

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontSubstitutes]
"MS Shell Dlg"="SimSun"
"MS Shell Dlg 2"="Tahoma"

WindowMetrics：设置标准 UI 和 GTK 默认字体

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\WindowMetrics 中的各项分别控制：

CaptionFont：标题栏；
SmCaptionFont：小标题栏；
MenuFont：菜单；
MessageFont：标准消息框和对话框；
StatusFont：状态栏、部分工具提示；
IconFont：图标标题。

GTK 在 Windows 上通过 NONCLIENTMETRICSW.lfMessageFont 构造默认的 gtk-font-name，因此这组配置也适用于 GTK3/GTK4 的默认 UI。

这些值是 92 字节的 LOGFONT 数据。以下示例保留原有字号和字重，只将字体名称改为 Microsoft YaHei UI。

展开 wine-ui-font-windowmetrics.reg

```reg Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\WindowMetrics] "CaptionFont"=hex:f3,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,00,00,00,01,00,00,00,00,4d,00,69,00,63,00,72,00,6f,00,73,00,6f,00,66,00,74,00,20,00,59,00,61,00,48,00,65,00,69,00,20,00,55,00,49,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "IconFont"=hex:08,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,00,00,00,01,00,00,00,00,4d,00,69,00,63,00,72,00,6f,00,73,00,6f,00,66,00,74,00,20,00,59,00,61,00,48,00,65,00,69,00,20,00,55,00,49,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "MenuFont"=hex:f5,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,00,00,00,01,00,00,00,00,4d,00,69,00,63,00,72,00,6f,00,73,00,6f,00,66,00,74,00,20,00,59,00,61,00,48,00,65,00,69,00,20,00,55,00,49,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "MessageFont"=hex:f5,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,00,00,00,01,00,00,00,00,4d,00,69,00,63,00,72,00,6f,00,73,00,6f,00,66,00,74,00,20,00,59,00,61,00,48,00,65,00,69,00,20,00,55,00,49,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "SmCaptionFont"=hex:f5,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,00,00,00,01,00,00,00,00,4d,00,69,00,63,00,72,00,6f,00,73,00,6f,00,66,00,74,00,20,00,59,00,61,00,48,00,65,00,69,00,20,00,55,00,49,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "StatusFont"=hex:f5,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,00,00,00,01,00,00,00,00,4d,00,69,00,63,00,72,00,6f,00,73,00,6f,00,66,00,74,00,20,00,59,00,61,00,48,00,65,00,69,00,20,00,55,00,49,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 ```

导入：

wine reg import wine-ui-font-windowmetrics.reg

示例使用 96 DPI 下的字号。使用其他 DPI 或主题字号时，可以先导出当前值，再只修改第 29 字节开始的 UTF-16LE 字体名称：

wine reg export 'HKCU\Control Panel\Desktop\WindowMetrics' windowmetrics-original.reg /y

展开恢复用 windowmetrics-tahoma.reg

```reg Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\WindowMetrics] "CaptionFont"=hex:f3,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,00,00,00,01,00,00,00,00,54,00,61,00,68,00,6f,00,6d,00,61,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "IconFont"=hex:08,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,00,00,00,01,00,00,00,00,54,00,61,00,68,00,6f,00,6d,00,61,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "MenuFont"=hex:f5,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,00,00,00,01,00,00,00,00,54,00,61,00,68,00,6f,00,6d,00,61,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "MessageFont"=hex:f5,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,00,00,00,01,00,00,00,00,54,00,61,00,68,00,6f,00,6d,00,61,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "SmCaptionFont"=hex:f5,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,00,00,00,01,00,00,00,00,54,00,61,00,68,00,6f,00,6d,00,61,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "StatusFont"=hex:f5,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,00,00,00,01,00,00,00,00,54,00,61,00,68,00,6f,00,6d,00,61,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 ```

FontLink：设置中文回退字体

直接请求 Tahoma、Microsoft Sans Serif 或 Lucida Sans Unicode 的程序，可以使用下面的回退配置，让中文优先显示为目标字体。SimSun 仍保留在后续回退链中。

展开 wine-ui-font-fontlink.reg

```reg Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontLink\SystemLink] "Tahoma"=str(7):"MSYH.TTC,Microsoft YaHei UI\0SIMSUN.TTC,SimSun\0MINGLIU.TTC,PMingLiu\0MSGOTHIC.TTC,MS UI Gothic\0BATANG.TTC,Batang\0MSJH.TTC,Microsoft JhengHei UI\0YUGOTHM.TTC,Yu Gothic UI\0MALGUN.TTF,Malgun Gothic\0SEGUISYM.TTF,Segoe UI Symbol" "Microsoft Sans Serif"=str(7):"MSYH.TTC,Microsoft YaHei UI\0SIMSUN.TTC,SimSun\0MINGLIU.TTC,PMingLiu\0MSGOTHIC.TTC,MS UI Gothic\0BATANG.TTC,Batang\0MSJH.TTC,Microsoft JhengHei UI\0YUGOTHM.TTC,Yu Gothic UI\0MALGUN.TTF,Malgun Gothic\0SEGUISYM.TTF,Segoe UI Symbol" "Lucida Sans Unicode"=str(7):"MSYH.TTC,Microsoft YaHei UI\0SIMSUN.TTC,SimSun\0MINGLIU.TTC,PMingLiu\0MSGOTHIC.TTC,MS UI Gothic\0BATANG.TTC,Batang\0MSJH.TTC,Microsoft JhengHei UI\0YUGOTHM.TTC,Yu Gothic UI\0MALGUN.TTF,Malgun Gothic\0SEGUISYM.TTF,Segoe UI Symbol" ```

导入：

wine reg import wine-ui-font-fontlink.reg

展开恢复用 wine-ui-fontlink-default.reg

```reg Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontLink\SystemLink] "Tahoma"=str(7):"SIMSUN.TTC,SimSun\0MINGLIU.TTC,PMingLiu\0MSGOTHIC.TTC,MS UI Gothic\0BATANG.TTC,Batang\0MSYH.TTC,Microsoft YaHei UI\0MSJH.TTC,Microsoft JhengHei UI\0YUGOTHM.TTC,Yu Gothic UI\0MALGUN.TTF,Malgun Gothic\0SEGUISYM.TTF,Segoe UI Symbol" "Microsoft Sans Serif"=str(7):"SIMSUN.TTC,SimSun\0MINGLIU.TTC,PMingLiu\0MSGOTHIC.TTC,MS UI Gothic\0BATANG.TTC,Batang\0MSYH.TTC,Microsoft YaHei UI\0MSJH.TTC,Microsoft JhengHei UI\0YUGOTHM.TTC,Yu Gothic UI\0MALGUN.TTF,Malgun Gothic\0SEGUISYM.TTF,Segoe UI Symbol" "Lucida Sans Unicode"=str(7):"SIMSUN.TTC,SimSun\0MINGLIU.TTC,PMingLiu\0MSGOTHIC.TTC,MS UI Gothic\0BATANG.TTC,Batang\0MSYH.TTC,Microsoft YaHei UI\0MSJH.TTC,Microsoft JhengHei UI\0YUGOTHM.TTC,Yu Gothic UI\0MALGUN.TTF,Malgun Gothic\0SEGUISYM.TTF,Segoe UI Symbol" ```

wineboot –update 后的表现

在 Wine 11.22 中实测，执行 wineboot --update 后，各项表现如下：

配置项	更新后的值
`WindowMetrics` 中的六项字体	保留自定义值
`MS Shell Dlg`	保留自定义值
`MS Shell Dlg 2`	恢复为 `Tahoma`
自定义 `FontLink\SystemLink`	保留自定义值

区域代码页变化时，MS Shell Dlg 和 SystemLink 会重新生成。统一各启动器的 locale，例如始终使用 zh_CN.UTF-8，可以让配置保持稳定。

MS Shell Dlg 2 恢复为 Tahoma 后，可以单独设回目标字体：

wine reg add 'HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontSubstitutes' \
  /v 'MS Shell Dlg 2' /t REG_SZ /d 'Microsoft YaHei UI' /f

新建 Wine 前缀时，重新导入需要的 .reg 即可。

GTK 默认配置

GTK 会从 WindowMetrics.MessageFont 读取默认 UI 字体。保持 Pango 默认的 win32 后端即可，通常直接运行：

wine live-photo-conv-gtk

GSK_RENDERER 用于选择 GTK 的场景绘制器，字体设置使用前面的注册表配置即可。

小结

对话框使用 FontSubstitutes。
标准 UI 和 GTK 默认字体使用 WindowMetrics。
Tahoma 等字体的中文回退使用 FontLink\SystemLink。

按实际场景导入相应文件即可，需要还原时，导入各节附带的恢复用 .reg。

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FontSubstitutes、WindowMetrics与FontLink的分工、适用场景和回滚方法

前言